Chorley Fabrics Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chorley Fabrics Ltd - Essay Example The amount of units to produce was acquired by taking the values of the availability of resources (from another table) and the usage of resources per product. This was divided into the former to get a quotient: the maximum use of resources. Both Stevenson (2005)1 and Middleton (2006)2 explain how to use Excel in this fashion via the Solver tool. After this, the amount of units produced was multiplied by the profit per unit to obtain the value for total profit. X1, X2, X8, X9 and X10 are the profit bringers, and thus they should be placed on the schedule in order of profit received, starting from the highest: X2, X8, S9, X1 and X10. The others, as there is little profit from them, should be moved to the bottom of the list. X4 can likely be eliminated altogether. From this, using the SUMPRODUCT formula, which adds the sums of products of corresponding arrays, it can then be determined how much of each resource is used per week. For example, X1 can have 15 units produced, at a cost of 1.8 units in M/C 1. Unit 2 can have have 28 units, at a cost of 1.2 in M/C 2, and so on down the list. All these values are added up to get the total usage of resources. Alternatively, all values in the row corresponding to each product can be added to get the total cost per unit. Resource Usage Available M/C 1 369.75 400 M/C 2 206.75 250 M/C 3 280.00 280 M/C 4 212.82 270 M/C 5 324.00 340 Mat 1 600.00 600 Mat 2 780.00 780 Labour 182.80 229 This table denotes the usage of all resources, based upon the values gained from the procedure described above. Going by this, it can be seen that M/C 3 and both raw materials are used to optimum efficiency. There is no surplus or deficit. M/C 2 and M/C 4, hwever, are lacking; there is a a period of 44.3 hours left over for 2, and a period of 57.2 hours for 4. M/C 1, 3, and 5 are used efficiently; there is little available time left for them. 5. Marginal Benefits Resource Final Value Marginal Benefits Constraint R.H. Side Allowable Increase Allowable Decrease M/C 1 Usage 369.75 0.00 400 1E+30 30.24822533 M/C 2 Usage 206.84 0.00 250 1E+30 43.15699565 M/C 3 Usage 280.00 7.93 280 7.303252788 14.80479303 M/C 4 Usage 212.84 0.00 270 1E+30 57.15903366 M/C 5 Usage 322.01 0.00 340 1E+30 17.99473323 Mat 1 Usage 600.00 13.98 600 65.70689655 61.87637795 Mat 2

Diffusion and Osmosis Shown In Solutions Essay Example for Free

Diffusion and Osmosis Shown In Solutions Essay This lab, title Diffusion and Osmosis, was centered around the diffusion across a cellular membrane and how exactly materials move and diffuse in concentrations. Both diffusion and osmosis are forms of movement that are part of passive transport dealing with cell membranes. Diffusion is where the solutes move from an area of high concentration to a low concentration. Water goes through the cell membranes by diffusion. Osmosis is specifically the movement of water through membranes. Since osmosis and diffusion are both part of passive transport, this means that they do not require energy or pumps. There are different environments created due to diffusion. There are hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic environments. Hypotonic is when the solution has a lower solute concentration compared to the water potential. The hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration and lower water potential. In an isotonic solution, there is no net movement and there is an equal concentration of solutes and water. In our lab, we modeled diffusion and osmosis with a hospital scenario. It is important for an IV solution to have salts in it so the water and solute can be equal to create an isotonic environment. If there wasn’t, there would either be a hypotonic causing the cell to burst, or there would be hypertonic causing the cell to shrink. We created models of living cells by using dialysis tubing. The dialysis tube represented the cell membrane to act as selectively permeable to water and some solutes. We observed different solutes (NaCl, Ovalbumin, Glucose, Sucrose, and Water) in the dialysis tubing. The problem was what environment the solutes would create and whether water would diffuse in or out of the cell. I predicted that all of the tubes will be in a hypotonic environment after the 30 minutes because there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell. The water will diffuse inside the cell, therefore the cell will gain weight. We took the initial weight of each tube with the solute inside, the final weight, and then after took the percent change in weight. The control of the experiment was the model cell where there was water  inside and outside the cell. My data proved my hypothesis and led me to conclude that all of the solutions were in a hypotonic environment. For the second part of the experiment we were to think of an inquiry. The purpose was to identify concentrations of sucrose solutions that we were given. We were to find what solution was closest to being isotonic in order to identify which of them was water. There were 6 different solutions that we observed. There were red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple solutions. For my individual inquiry, I used a potato to be placed in the solutions. I found that the potato does not shrink because it has a cell wall which supports and maintains a plant cells structure. I predicted that the potato would remain the same size in the blue solution because it would have an isotonic environment. I thought that if the potato was placed in a hypotonic environment, then the percent change in mass would be greater than if placed in a hypertonic environment. Materials and Methods My tested hypothesis was that all of the dialysis tubes (cells) would have a hypotonic environment. If the dialysis tubes were placed in the beaker for 30 minutes, then after the 30 minutes, the water would diffuse in the cell, causing it to gain weight. For the first procedure, I created model cells with different solutions to determine the rate of diffusion. The weights with the filled cell models can determine rate and direction of diffusion by measuring the percent change of mass and determining the environment after the experiment. A solid control for the procedure is to use water because that is in an isotonic environment, meaning that both concentrations are equal. There were four solutions that were used in the experiment: sucrose, NaCl, glucose, and ovalbumin and the control: water. I took the five dialysis tubings which were acting as cells and filled them with 10 mL of each solution. We knotted each end but made sure to leave enough space at the top for water to diffuse  in the cell. The initial weight was taken and recorded in a data table. The five cells were placed in a beaker filled with water for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes, the cells were weighed, and the final weight was recorded in the data table, and then the percent change was calculated. The materials used in this procedure were beakers, water, sucrose, glucose, NaCl, ovalbumin, 20 cm-long dialysis tubing and balances. In the inquiry, I predicted that the blue solution was water and that it would have an isotonic environment, meaning there would be no percent change.I first cut the potatoes into 6 cylinders of the same size by using a cork. I got six beakers and filled each with 20 mL of the different color-coated solutions with different concentrations (orange, red, yellow, green, blue purple). The initial mass of each potato cylinder was taken before placing in the solution. I placed the potatoes in the appropriate labeled beaker (1-6) of each solution and let them sit there for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes, I took the final mass of each cylinder and calculated the percent change in mass.The materials that were used in the inquiry were potatoes, corks, pipettes, balances, scalpels, beakers, and the color-coded sucrose solutions. In this inquiry, the solutions in a hypotonic environment were red, yellow, and blue. Those solutions all had final weights that were greater than initial weights. The orange and green colors both had final weights that were smaller than their initial weights, which means they were in a hypertonic environment. The purple color was in an isotonic environment because the initial and final weights are the same. Discussion and Conclusions In conclusion, my understanding for diffusion and osmosis has been sharpened. I observed the different parts of passive transport: diffusion and osmosis. They both go with the concentration gradient from an area of high to low concentration. My hypothesis for procedure 1, that all of the dialysis tubings would be in a hypotonic environment was correct. This occurred because the tubings were placed in a beaker of water. This means that there was a higher concentration of water than the solute, causing the water to diffuse in the cell after 30 minutes. When water diffuses into the cell, this causes the cell to be enlarged. Some errors I could have made in the experiments would be failure to pay attention to the timing when the tubes and potatoes were in the solutions, inaccurate measuring when gathering the solutions and the potatoes may have not been exactly the same size. This experiment relates to the AP Biology Big ideas and Science Practices because by observing the cells, I tried to maintain equilibrium or homeostasis by being in an isotonic environment, I also used representations and models to communicate scientific theories when I used the dialysis tubings to form as cells. I properly calculated mathematics by using the percent change formula. I feel I gained more knowledge by questioning and forming my beginning hypothesis for each step.

Analysis of Zamnet Communication Systems Using the McKinsey’s 7S Model

Table of Contents Page 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.0 Internal Analysis of ZAMNET Communication Systems. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.1 Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.2 Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3 Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3 Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 2.5 Staff†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.6 Style†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.7 Shared Values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.0 External Analysis of ZAMNET Communication Systems. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.3 Threat of New Entrants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.4 Threat of Substitute Products and Services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.5 Competitive Rivalry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.0 The GE Multifactor Portfolio Matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5.0 ZAMNET’s Business Model and Marketing Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6.0 An e-Marketing Strategy for ZAMNET†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7.0 references†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1.0 Introduction In 1994, ZAMNET Communication Systems was established as an Internet Service Provider (ISP) in Zambia. It was the first organization that was put in place to provide the internet services in the region. ZAMNET Communication Systems was strategically located at the University of Zambia so that it can be used in providing research for the highest institution of learning and in turn it could have also benefited from the Research and Development (R&D) from the institution being the highest learning institution in Zambia. Other higher learning institutions in the region could have also benefitted from the synergistic effects of partnering together with the University o... ...Delhi, Tata McGrawhill. Efraim Turan.,David King., Jae Lee., Ting-Peng Liang., Deborrah Turban Electronic Commerce 2010: A Management Perspective (Pearson), [2010], 6th ed. John A., 2009. Not Bosses but leaders, How to lead the way to success.3rd ed. London: kogan page. Carmen C., Tauno K., 2008: Managing intellectual capital in small ITC companies [e-journal] 9 (4) p.4 Available through: Emerald Group Publishing Limited [accessed 9 February 2012] John G. S., 2008: Strategically thinking about the subject of Strategy [e-journal] 9(4) p.2 Available through: Emerald Group Publishing Limited[accessed 9 February, 2012] http:en.wikipedia.org http://www.scribd.com/doc/49629998/1/COMPETITIVE-RIVALRY-WITHIN-AN-THE-INDUSTRY http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_97.htm http://wisewolftalking.com/2009/06/15/the-simplest-modelof-change-lewins-freeze-phases/24 Analysis of Zamnet Communication Systems Using the McKinsey’s 7S Model Table of Contents Page 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.0 Internal Analysis of ZAMNET Communication Systems. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.1 Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.2 Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3 Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3 Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 2.5 Staff†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.6 Style†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.7 Shared Values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.0 External Analysis of ZAMNET Communication Systems. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.3 Threat of New Entrants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.4 Threat of Substitute Products and Services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.5 Competitive Rivalry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.0 The GE Multifactor Portfolio Matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5.0 ZAMNET’s Business Model and Marketing Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6.0 An e-Marketing Strategy for ZAMNET†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7.0 references†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1.0 Introduction In 1994, ZAMNET Communication Systems was established as an Internet Service Provider (ISP) in Zambia. It was the first organization that was put in place to provide the internet services in the region. ZAMNET Communication Systems was strategically located at the University of Zambia so that it can be used in providing research for the highest institution of learning and in turn it could have also benefited from the Research and Development (R&D) from the institution being the highest learning institution in Zambia. Other higher learning institutions in the region could have also benefitted from the synergistic effects of partnering together with the University o... ...Delhi, Tata McGrawhill. Efraim Turan.,David King., Jae Lee., Ting-Peng Liang., Deborrah Turban Electronic Commerce 2010: A Management Perspective (Pearson), [2010], 6th ed. John A., 2009. Not Bosses but leaders, How to lead the way to success.3rd ed. London: kogan page. Carmen C., Tauno K., 2008: Managing intellectual capital in small ITC companies [e-journal] 9 (4) p.4 Available through: Emerald Group Publishing Limited [accessed 9 February 2012] John G. S., 2008: Strategically thinking about the subject of Strategy [e-journal] 9(4) p.2 Available through: Emerald Group Publishing Limited[accessed 9 February, 2012] http:en.wikipedia.org http://www.scribd.com/doc/49629998/1/COMPETITIVE-RIVALRY-WITHIN-AN-THE-INDUSTRY http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_97.htm http://wisewolftalking.com/2009/06/15/the-simplest-modelof-change-lewins-freeze-phases/24

Product Life Cycle of Nutri-Grain Essay

* The brand was first introduced in the United States in 1991 for a breakfast cereal bars consisting of fruit filling covered in a crust without added sugar. * There were four varieties initially (rye, corn, barley and wheat); later these were reduced to corn and wheat * There are various Nutri-Grain Bars made from the breakfast cereal bonded together, available in the markets where the cereal is available. The bars became popular in the 1990s as an â€Å"on-the-go† food. * In the United States the Nutri-Grain Bar name is used for the soft golden baked crust breakfast bars made with wheat, whole-grain, and oats. Product Development Nutri-Grain was developed in 1980 by Kellogg’s Company which was already successful in making cereal that people enjoyed. Kellogg’s wanted to produce a on to go cereal breakfast bar that was healthy and was filling. Introduction Nutri-Grain was launched in 1997 and was instantly a hit among the middle class population who had little time to spare and need food on the go. It gained almost 50% of share of the growing cereal bar market in just two years. In just 1997 they had sold about 4,000 tons of cereal bars. In 1997 they made of a soft crust with a fruit filling inside. They were popular amongst both adults and children. Nutri-Grain was advertised on T.V, magazines and newspapers Growth During the growth stage, Nutri- Grains sales climbed rapidly as more people overseas became aware of the product. The product became very popular in Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand. The growth and profit was short lived as sales started to die out. The product looked like it was going into decline without even going into the maturity stage. The growth stage lasted for a year in 1999 Maturity In 2000 Kellogg’s decided to increase profits and bring back the sales that they were starting to lose. They introduced a new type of cereal bar called Twists which were essentially 2 small soft bakes with different flavors twisted into one bar. This worked because the sales rose again, this lasted for about for another year

Marble Chip Investigation Essay

Fair Test To make it a fair test and make my results more accurate I will try and keep all variables constant except the concentration of the acid. This will include weighing the marble chips every time and trying to use lumps of roughly the same size to keep the surface area fairly constant as a change in surface area will affect the rate of reaction. I will try and avoid a change in temperature and I will use the same equipment throughout the tests. Each concentration will be repeated at least once to improve accuracy as an average can be taken. Research The rate of reaction depends upon two factors, the number of collisions within a time between the reactants, and the fraction of these collisions that are successful. Therefore, the higher the concentration of the reactants, the higher the rate of reaction because there will be an increased number of collisions, this is called collision theory. However, for the reaction between the two reactants to be successful, they must collide with enough energy to react, the energy needed to react is known as  activation energy. This can be shown on a graph like the one below, I believe this graph is similar to what the energy diagram would be for my investigation. This shows that my chemical reaction will be exothermic, therefore it will release more energy than it uses to react. Therefore, at a higher concentration, there will be more reactions releasing energy in the form of heat that will enable more particles to reach their activation energy level and react. This shows that the rate of reaction will increase with the concentration of acid. Prediction After having done some research I feel that I can make an education prediction concerning what will happen during my investigation. I predict that the higher the concentration of acid I use, the faster the rate of reaction will be. I think this because the higher the concentration is, the more acid particles there will be to collide with the marble chip with enough energy to cause a reaction as explained in collision theory. I also believe that the rate of reaction will increase with concentration of acid because the chemical reaction I am doing is an exothermic reaction. Therefore, it will release energy as the reactions take place, this will give more energy to other particles around it and will cause the reaction to speed up as more particles reach their activation energy and collide with enough energy to react. Preliminary test results I started with 10g of marble chip and 100cm3 of 2M acid, the reaction was too fast and could not be accurately measured. I then tried 3g of marble chip with the same amount of 2M acid (100cm3), this worked fine, however, when the 0.4M concentration was tested the reaction was too slow and could not be accurately measured due to our scale. I then tried 6g of marble chip and it gave 135 cm3 of CO2 with the 2M concentration and 5 cm3 of CO2 with the 0.4M concentration. I felt that this would give us a good range of results so I  stuck with those measurements based on my preliminary tests. Observations When we had done our experiment we realised that we could benefit from some tests with other concentrations of acid to increase accuracy. Therefore we decided to do tests with 1.8M, 1.4M, 1M, 0.6M and 0.2M acid. However, when we did these tests they produced a much higher volume of carbon  dioxide than we would expect from our previous results. I came to the conclusion that this would have to be down to a change in one of the variables. Looking at the variables it was possible that it could have been temperature or surface area of the marble chips that caused the change, but as there had not been any large change in these variables it was unlikely that they would have such a clear affect on the results. After doing a few tests I found that it was the acid that I was using that had affected the results, I had started on a new batch of acid as the previous bottle had run out. Even though both batches of acid were labelled as being 2M, it was clear that one was stronger than the other and therefore increased the rate of reaction as the chance of acid particles colliding with the marble chip had been increased as there were more acid particles. Due to this, I plotted there results as a separate line, however, the results still show the same pattern and are therefore still useful in concluding the relation between gas given off and the concentration of acid, as explained by collision theory. Conclusion As you can see on the graph, both lines go up in a smooth curve. This shows that there is a correlation between concentration of acid and the volume of gas given off. As the concentration of acid increases so does the volume of gas, therefore they are proportional. The gradient of the line gets steeper as the concentration increases, this means that there was a larger increase of gas produced between 1.6M and 2M, than there was between 0.4M and 0.8M, even though the increase in concentration of acid was 0.4M in both. The graph shows that at higher concentrations of acid, more carbon dioxide was produced but in the same amount of time. This shows that at higher concentrations, the rate of reaction must have been faster to produce more products in the same time period. This can be explained by collision theory and the ideas on activation energy that I explained in my research and prediction. In my prediction I said that more gas would be given off with a higher  concentration, these results show that I was correct. This is because due to collision theory, in a low concentration of acid the acid particles are spread far apart. This means that there is very little chance of acid particles colliding with the marble chip with enough energy to react. In a high concentration, the acid particles are closer together as there is more of them within the same volume. This means that there is a much higher chance of collision with the marble chip, and there is more energy due to the energy being produced by the reaction, which is exothermic, this causes the reaction to be faster. This can be seen in my results, the 2M acid gave an average of 134.75cm3 of carbon dioxide, where the 0.4M concentration only gave an average of 4cm3 of carbon dioxide. The rate of reaction is reduced by a decrease of particles within the same space. Evaluation Accuracy of results I feel that my experiment was accurate because the results made a smooth curve on my graph. I did have a problem with the 1.8M, 1.4M, 1M, 0.6M and 0.2M acid results, as the acid appeared to be stronger than it was labelled. However, I resolved this problem by plotting the results as a separate line on my graph and they still showed a very similar curve to the other one showing the same relation between concentration of acid and the volume of gas given off. This shows that it was probably just the concentration of the acid that caused the problem and not my execution of the experiment that caused the results to be slightly different than what was expected. I think that my results could have been better as there was some variation between my four results for each of 2M, 1.6M, 1.2M, 0.8M, and 0.4M. However I do not feel this problem is major as the variations were relatively small as is shown by the error margins drawn on my graph, but there is still room for improvement. Possible Improvements If I was to do this investigation again I would try and keep some of the variables constant that I had less control over. The investigation was carried out over a few days so the classroom temperature may have varied. This could have had a slight effect on the rate of reaction making my results less accurate. Although the marble chips were roughly the same size they weren’t all exactly the same shape. If I could find a way to make the marble chips all the same shape and size then the investigation would be fairer as the surface area of the marble chips would be constant. If I was to do this investigation again I would try and use only one batch of acid for the whole experiment because as I found out, the acid supplied isn’t always exactly the strength that it says it is. I would also try to use a more accurate piece of equipment to measure the volume of gas produced, using a measuring cylinder did not provide the best accuracy that was open to me. I could have achieved a higher level of accuracy with a buret.

Motivation plan Essay

Motivation plan Essay Motivation plan Essay Employee Portfolio: Motivation Action Plan Determine the motivational strategy or strategies that would likely be most appropriate for each of your three employees on basis of their individual characteristics. Indicate how you would leverage their employee evaluations to motivate each of the three employees. Describe one or more of the motivational theories and explain how the theories connect to each of your selected motivational strategies. Team Member Name Summary of Individual Characteristics Motivational Strategy and Action Plan Relevant Theory Pearl Chacon Pearl loves her job and the satisfaction she gets when she accomplishes her goals. She would like to get paid more but knows that she still needs to learn to gain the skills needed to move up. She has a high emotional intelligence. This employee does not need much motivation at her job. She is satisfied with her job and knows exactly what she needs to do to accomplish her goals at work. The action plan the company needs to develop is that they need to put actions in place to keep pearl satisfied with your job and use her skill to the fullest. Give her more responsibility and give here the confidence she needs to continue to be satisfied. McClelland theory is the relevant theory. Pearl knows that she needs to strive to succeed which is one of the needs for McClelland theory. For Pearl to achieve her goals she must work on her skills. Vince Lopez Vince is satisfied with his job, makes the right decisions at work, and has a high emotional intelligence. He loves how engaged he is at work and is happy that he is working This employee does not need much motivation at his job. He feels that he has the right amount of engagement at work and is happy with his work. The action that should be taken should be the same

Formulas of Ionic Compounds

Formulas of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds form when positive and negative ions share electrons and form an ionic bond. The strong attraction between positive and negative ions often produce  crystalline solids that have high melting points. Ionic bonds form instead of covalent bonds when there is a large difference in electronegativity between the ions. The positive ion, called a cation, is listed first in an ionic compound formula, followed by the negative ion, called an anion. A balanced formula has a neutral electrical charge or net charge of zero. Determining the Formula of an Ionic Compound A stable ionic compound is electrically neutral, where electrons are shared between cations and anions to complete outer electron shells or octets. You know you have the correct formula for an ionic compound when the positive and negative charges on the ions are the same or cancel each other out. Here are the steps for writing and balancing the formula: Identify the cation ( the portion with a positive charge). It is the least electronegative (most electropositive) ion. Cations include metals and they are often located on the left-hand side of the periodic table.Identify the anion ( the portion with a negative charge). It is the most electronegative ion. Anions include halogens and nonmetals. Keep in mind, hydrogen can go either way, carrying either a positive or negative charge.Write the cation first, followed by the anion.Adjust the subscripts of the cation and anion so the net charge is 0. Write the formula using the smallest whole number ratio between the cation and anion to balance charge. If the charges of the cation and anion are equal (e.g., 1/-1, 2/-2, 3/-3), then combine the cation and anion in a 1:1 ratio. An example is potassium chloride, KCl. Potassium (K) has a 1- charge, while chlorine (Cl-) has a 1- charge. Note that you do not ever write a subscript of 1.If the charges on the cation and the anion are not equal, add subscripts as needed to the ions to balance the charge. The total charge for each ion is the subscript multiplied by the charge. Adjust the subscripts to balance charge. An example is sodium carbonate, Na2CO3. The sodium ion has a 1 charge, multiplied by the subscript 2 to get a total charge of 2. The carbonate anion (CO3-2) has a 2- charge, so there is no additional subscript.If you need to add a subscript to a polyatomic ion, enclose it in parentheses so it is clear the subscript applies to the entire ion and not to an individual atom. An example is aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3. The parenthesis around the sulfate anion indicates three of the 2- sulfate ions are needed to balance 2 of the 3 charged aluminum cations. Examples of Ionic Compounds Many familiar chemicals are ionic compounds. A metal bonded to a nonmetal is a dead giveaway that youre dealing with an ionic compound. Examples include salts, such as table salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) and copper sulfate (CuSO4). Compound Name Formula Cation Anion lithium fluoride LiF Li+ F- sodium chloride NaCl Na+ Cl- calcium chloride CaCl2 Ca2+ Cl- iron(II) oxide FeO Fe2+ O2- aluminum sulfide Al2S3 Al3+ S2- iron(III) sulfate Fe2(SO3)3 Fe3+ SO32- Ionic Compound Formulas

Be Careful About Careless Writing

Be Careful About Careless Writing Be Careful About Careless Writing Be Careful About Careless Writing By Mark Nichol Just the other day, I received an email from my dear friend Mary Fox, who begged me for assistance from afar. The warning lights came on one by one. In the first paragraph, she apologized for not letting me know about her â€Å"journey to Scotland . . . because it was a short notice from my business associate.† She went on to explain, â€Å"I have lost my wallet and other significant Document.† Then she wrote, â€Å"I will be glad if you can render some help in other to settle the outstanding debt of the hotel and other miscellaneous expenses. Please send the money to the following details of mine.† Mark, you ask me, how could you befriend anyone who is such an atrocious and affected writer? The answer: I can’t. My introductory paragraph was spurious. I don’t know anybody named Mary Fox. You’ve probably received a scam letter like this before, perhaps purportedly from someone you actually know. Many people have. And some of them, Lord knows how, fall for it. I blame the publishing establishment. (Stay with me here.) How is it that people can succumb to this pathetic con? Don’t they notice the stilted language obviously not the prose of someone raised speaking and writing English? Do they excuse it by reasoning that Ms. Fox wrote so awfully because she’s emotionally distraught? The problem is, we’re inured to poor writing. We see it all the time online, of course, but also in newspapers and magazines, even in books. The prose of writers with only a tenuous grasp of the basics of English composition is often published with little or no professional mediation, and so we get used to it. And like lumpen proles seduced by propaganda, we can’t recognize a con job when it punches us in the face. The day before dear Mary Fox implored me to come to her assistance, I received, by email, a PDF of a letter that began, â€Å"Congratulations to you as we bring to your notice, the results of the First Category draws of E-MAIL LOTTERY organized by the Canadian Government in conjunction with South Africa government (SA).† Whoo! I was told, â€Å"Please note that your lucky winning number falls within our Afro representative office in (South Africa) as indicated in your electronic play coupon.† Later references were made to â€Å"our Africa agent† and â€Å"our Africa Agent.† (I presume, from the previous quoted sentence, that this person is identifiable by their Afro.) Anyone who fails to note the nearly illiterate writing and falls victim to this scam or similar ones deserves what they get (or, more appropriately, doesn’t deserve what they get taken away from them), but I’m serious when I say that lax standards in publishing contribute to a diminishment of critical-thinking skills among the public. Misinformation and deception are of course often couched in elegant or at least competent language, but the publishing industry does us a disservice by abandoning its traditional role as a provider of exemplary literature and other prose. Many publications and publishers proudly uphold this role, but too many others sacrifice quality for expediency, and the world is a poorer place for it. (And some people are literally poorer for it.) Oh, speaking of poor, don’t worry about poor Ms. Mary Fox: I’m sending her the money she requested, because I won the lottery! Postscript: So that this post lives up to the DailyWritingTips.com mission, I offer these tips: When you receive a written message purporting to be from a friend or a valid institution, make sure the writing quality is appropriate for the source and make no excuses. And, in turn, if you want to be respected, write respectably. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor"Latter," not "Ladder"List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Analysis - Essay Example We can draw such a conclusion because he is asking his wife if she is reading the letter while in his mom’s presence. This can be found in the beginning of the song, when he sings â€Å""If youre reading this and my mamas sitting there†¦" The soldier hopes that his family will read his letter, so they can know about what has happened to him, as well as receive reassurance and encouragement to go on. The diction that Tim McGraw uses in his song portrays two different tones. The tones are of sadness, as well as encouragement. The words that he uses to portray sadness is when he is talking about how he will not be able to give his wife another kiss and how he cannot be there to witness the birth of his little girl. He also talks about how he will no longer be there to spend the rest of his life with her. Though he has told her this, she gives his wife encouragement. He tells her that it is okay to move on and be with someone else. He offers reassurance to his wife and his family that he is okay up in heaven and is at peace. NO longer is he being tormented by war. NO longer is he hurting. In addition to the point of view diction that Tim McGraw uses to get his strong and powerful message across to his listeners, he also uses allusions to speak of the dead soldier’s spiritual state. For instance, Tim McGraw makes a reference to the child’s prayer by singing â€Å"Now I lay me down† meaning that he is talking to God, and his family should also do the same. The reference to this prayer can also mean that he is resting in peace, no longer suffering from the ravages of war. Tim McGraw also makes references to heaven, as his song contains a line that states that he is with God watching down on his wife, his family, and his unborn baby girl. Finally, Tim McGraw references the Christian hymn, Amazing Grace. This reference is to pain the picture how powerful the Christian hope is and how it can get one through the trials of losing someone. Furthermore, it provides

Instrumental analysis and testing of counterfeit Viagra suspected to Essay

Instrumental analysis and testing of counterfeit Viagra suspected to contain amphetamine - Essay Example phRMA has requested China, Mexico, Indonesia, Lebanon and many countries in the Central America to have a close watch on the drugs used in their countries. They have also warned those countries that the illegal drugs were found to get originated from Czech Republic, Sweden and Switzerland. (Oslen et al., 2002).The Drug manufacturer take many necessary steps to prevent counterfeiting of the drugs but their efforts are getting veined off because of the different methods that they adopt in trade and their distribution systems are very complex for tracing off. The illegal drug manufacturers are very smart enough to steal the name, basic formula, holograms and are able to prepare the counterfeit drug very smartly as the real drug. This has become a head ache for all the drug manufacturers. The only possibility for them is to develop analytical methods that can easily identify the authentic and fake products through simple testing methods. Sildenafil Citrate is a drug that is used to treat the pulmonary arterial hypertension and erectile dysfunction. Its Brand Name is Viagra, developed and marketed by Pfizer.the chemical composition of Sildenafil citrate is 1-( [3- ( 6, 7- dihydromethyl -7- oxo -3- propyl -1H – pyrazolo [4,3 - d] pyrimidin – 5 – yl ) - 4- ethoxy – phenyl ] sulfonyl ])- 4 – methyl piperazine. Viagra is used as a novel oral medicine for penile erectile dysfunction, the inability to keep hard erect penis for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Sildenafil citrate inhibits the cyclic guanosine monophosphate- specific phosphodiesterase present at the penis and making the cGMP to get accumulated at the corpus cavemonsum. This pill when taken inside, starts its effect after the twenty minutes of inhalation and lasts up to three hals lifes ( 18 hours ). Viagra came in to the market by 1998 after the US Food and Drug Administration approved it. Viagra was recommended for Erectile dysfunction as the over the counter drug. By the year 2002, Viagra sales accounted for about 92% of the global market for the pill to treat erectile dysfunction. The safety of this medicine was established in many pre- and post- approval studies. Phosphodiesterase family type five classes.(PDE). The PDE - 5 class receptors are found in corpus cavernoscum, platelets, skeletal muscle, vascular and visceral muscles. Of these at penis there are larger amount of PDE-5 than any other region. PDE-5 breaks down cGMP which causes the contraction of the penile arteries and smooth muscles. As the chemical structure of sildenafil is similar to the cGMP, the binding of sildenafil inhibits the cGMP from binding to the PDE-5 through the competitive inhibition mechanism. (McCullough, 2002). Amphetamine is a phenlyethylamine class drug that acts as a psycho stimulant drug. This drug is generally used as a performance enhancer. Amphetamine is found to increase the energy level, wakefulness and they are able to make the body work even at appetite an d fatigue conditions. Because of these characteristics Amphetamine is chosen as a counterifeit drug for Viagra by the illegal drug manufacturers. In the counterfeit Viagra’s, Sildenafil was present at lower concentration and the other drugs such as amphetamine, methamphetamine and ring substituted analogs. A rapid screening technique is essential for the quick identification of the counterfeit drug from the real ones. Various

Compensation Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compensation Practice - Essay Example This entails use of rewards in place of punishment to get the expected results and this was also influenced much by the motivational theorists such as Abraham Maslow (Armstrong & Baron, 2005). The needs of workers must be taken care of for them to be productive. This in turn led to development of performance management systems to evaluate employees and reward them accordingly; compensation is no longer job based but is based on performance. Successful companies thus strive to develop effective compensation strategies to ensure workers are rewarded accordingly and that the business strategies are achieved. According to Heneman (2002 p. 198) the cornerstone of a compensation strategy is the compensation philosophy of the company. This is the strongly held belief about goals of all components of compensation system relative to business strategy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the compensation practice of a publicly traded company. To achieve this, the company to be discussed is an international company dealing with foods and beverages; PepsiCo, Inc. Its short history will be outlined after which its compensation strategy will be evaluated bearing in mind best practices and challenges faced. Its impact will then be discussed followed by the factors impacting on the practices such as unions, laws and regulations and finally, a brief summary. Company Background PepsiCo, Inc is a leading global food and beverage company with respected brands throughout the world. It was formed in 1965 after the merger of Pepsi-cola Company and Frito-lay, Inc. It acquired Tropicana in 1998 and Quaker Oats in 2001 and an addition of Gatorade thereafter (PepsiCo, 2013). Its mission is to be the world’s premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages with a vision to improving all aspects of the world in financial success which is to be achieved through driving shareholder value. It operates in a very competitive environment but its main competitor is coca-cola company. It boasts of net revenue of over $65 billion as recorded in the financial year 2012. It is managed by a board of directors with Indra Nooyi as the board chairman and chief executive officer since 2006 and has a workforce of 297, 000 scattered in many parts of the world. Its headquarters are in Purchase, New York in the United States. It is committed to delivering sustainable growth through empowering people and as such its compensation philosophy is for employees to act and be rewarded as business owners’ thus recruiting, retaining and motivating workforce. Compensation Strategy Compensation is a vital part of performance management in organizations. This involves rewarding employees for their achievements and also correcting underperformance. A company has a great task of deciding on how to reward employees as this strategy may make or break the company. According to Aquinis (2011) the compensation strategy should be aligned to business strategy to ens ure the organizational goals are achieved and to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. If the business strategy is cost-cutting then the company cannot go on to develop costly compensation strategies such as those involved with monetary rewards. Before everything else when

Restraint reduction program for stroke patients Assignment

Restraint reduction program for stroke patients - Assignment Example in Amato, Salter, &Mion, 2006, p.237). In this paper, I shall put forward a prospective Quality Improvement program – a multi-component Restraint Reduction Program (RRP) for the stroke rehabilitation unit in our hospital as part of my effort to enhance patient outcomes over here. Emergency cardiac and stroke attacks have become the third major cause of hospitalization and death after cancer and heart disease in America. It has been reported that 8, 00, 000 Americans become the victim of stroke every year which calculates to an average of one American suffering from a stroke every 40 seconds. In fact, stroke accounts for 1, 40, 000 deaths every year and the reason behind other 1, 00, 000 deaths each year in this country. Stroke patients generally suffer a sudden loss of brain abilities such as loss of consciousness, change in behavior, disorientation, dizziness, trouble in moving hands, arms, and legs, difficulty in talking, understanding, or, severe headache. Stroke patients i n acute care settings generally have a high risk of falling or agitated behavior which needs to be handled appropriately. The stroke treatment procedures necessitate every health care provider to identify potential stroke patients and have specialized knowledge, practical experience and the required tools for treating them efficiently. Moreover, it has become urgent for every health care center and acute rehabilitation unit taking care of stroke patients to be equipped with the essential services, techniques and workforce for providing the best treatment (Katz, n.d). For the purpose of enhancing the treatment, I would like to introduce a QI program – a multi-component Restraint Reduction Program in one of our acute rehabilitation unit, the stroke unit. Physical restraints have been constantly used by nurses in acute stroke care settings to avoid falls, to control agitation and to handle impulsive behavior. Although physical restraints have been found to be beneficial, their a dverse effect which may even include death of the patient is a matter of concern. According to various studies, restraint reduction programs have been successful in decreasing restraint use along with maintaining patient safety of stroke patients in both acute care and long term settings (Amato, Salter, &Mion, 2006, p.235). The basis of this QI program, RRP, will be the implementation of a multi-component intervention strategy which could greatly reduce the use of physical restraints and decrease fall rates through a secure and successful approach in the stroke rehabilitation units. The primary aim of the RRP will be to lower restraint use by 25% and to sustain fall rates lesser than 10% above the baseline. The interventions in the RRP were adopted from successfully employed restraint programs in different acute care settings. For the purpose of execution, a planning committee will be formed which will include clinical nurse specialists, unit nurse managers, nurse patient-care coord inators, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and the staff nurses. To achieve the set target, this plan will be primarily including four main arenas – administrative support, education, consultation and feedback (Amato, Salter, &Mion, 2006, p.236-237). Administration Before the execution of the program, it is

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Reading Response - Essay Example The world stood still on this date, aghast and astounded at the magnitude of terror, questioning the intentions of the terrorists and never finding an answer that fully satisfies one’s understanding because the event itself defies reason. Habermas tries very hard to capture the impact it had on the world by giving a litany of situations around the globe and what people thought about it. At the same time, he attempts to understand the political motivations of the terrorist attack and compare it to the beliefs and responses of the people it affected. There is a world of a gap in such beliefs especially right after the event itself. The people the terrorists belonged to may have been in a celebratory mood for the success they achieved in shattering the hopes and dreams of thousands of Americans while the Americans, on the other hand, fell on their knees in desperation, in fear, in prayer. Derrida was profuse in his expression of how the September 11 event left an indelible mark in history and how powerful its impact was on its witnesses, which pertained to the whole world. He embodied a true philosopher’s stance of saying his piece to force one to think deeply about the issues and get himself philosophizing about it too. Somehow, both interviews, although too profound for most to understand, managed to make readers ponder about how the time of terror affected them and the world and how it would translate to their

The Adolescent Development Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Adolescent Development - Article Example It is said that 1 out of every 5 students enrolled in the public education system of the United States came from an immigrant family. This number is believed to be ever-increasing so much so that it is projected that by 2020 the ratio will be 1 out of 3. The subject of immigration comes along with a number of other debates that is indispensable when discussing the subject. The issue, no matter the stance is a different discussion altogether. Immigration is considered as the secondary reason for a nation’s increase in the population other than natural means. But the question on the other hand of the diversity in the development of adolescents belonging to this background is a concern that is not tackled as explicitly. The importance of understanding how they adapt and develop base on their varied personal history creates a necessity for the study thereof. How do the people around them respond to the different needs they require? In the same way that the query of how do these adolescents interact and differ from those who are around them, both in the question of their relations with peers and others, vary? Studies such as ‘Beyond the Family: Contexts of Immigrant Children's Development, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development’ edited by Hirokazu Yoshikawa. Charles A. Ellwood’s ‘Sociology and Modern Social Problems’ will also be valuable in assessing the inherent sociological diversity at play in an adolescent’s life. Studies on adolescent development and immigration issues that go along with it available on www.cciserver.ums.maine.edu may also prove to be contributory for this research. â€Å"Do Undocumented Students Play by the Rules?† a journal article by Julian Jefferies will also be at hand as it contains information regarding the educational process of immigrant adolescents. Other related literature will also be reviewed for this study.  

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Reading Response - Essay Example The world stood still on this date, aghast and astounded at the magnitude of terror, questioning the intentions of the terrorists and never finding an answer that fully satisfies one’s understanding because the event itself defies reason. Habermas tries very hard to capture the impact it had on the world by giving a litany of situations around the globe and what people thought about it. At the same time, he attempts to understand the political motivations of the terrorist attack and compare it to the beliefs and responses of the people it affected. There is a world of a gap in such beliefs especially right after the event itself. The people the terrorists belonged to may have been in a celebratory mood for the success they achieved in shattering the hopes and dreams of thousands of Americans while the Americans, on the other hand, fell on their knees in desperation, in fear, in prayer. Derrida was profuse in his expression of how the September 11 event left an indelible mark in history and how powerful its impact was on its witnesses, which pertained to the whole world. He embodied a true philosopher’s stance of saying his piece to force one to think deeply about the issues and get himself philosophizing about it too. Somehow, both interviews, although too profound for most to understand, managed to make readers ponder about how the time of terror affected them and the world and how it would translate to their

Failure of Canadian Solar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Failure of Canadian Solar - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present North Mountain Engagements LLP, a Hedge fund company which invests in different companies to increase their capital however the company invests in only those companies of which it could improve the earnings significantly and increase the value of the firm by twice. This is the reason the company invests and analyses the company thoroughly before it makes any investment decision. The report analyses one of the companies in the Solar PV industry, Canadian Solar which has been suffering from losses from 2006 and this report investigates whether the company would be able to improve its earnings by changing their strategies. North Mountain Engagements has a higher debt to equity ratio which is defined as total debt of the company in comparison to total equity and higher debt to equity ratio reflects higher risk. Thus, with higher risks shareholders demand higher return so; this is the reason why the North Mountain Engagements LLP requires higher profits. Canadian Solar has been known over the years as CSI meaning Canadian Solar International is suffering from losses despite of the overall demand in the industry has been growing and growing revenues of the company. Canadian Solar has reported total growth of 135.7% in five years from 2004 to 2008 with revenues of the company growing from $9.7 million to $705 million. With several opportunities in the industry, North Mountain Engagements feels that the Canadian Solar can live up to the potential and become an important firm to invest.... Canadian Solar has reported total growth of 135.7% in five years from 2004 to 2008 with revenues of the company growing from $9.7 million to $705 million. There are several reasons which have led Canadian Solar to situation where the company is showing negative net income and one of the major reasons for Canadian Solar suffering from losses is the increasing competition and this report discusses different factors that have resulted Canadian Solar to be in loss. Industry Overview The world economy has been going through recession and this recession has made an impact on major economies of the world. However, there are other factors besides recession which have influenced the profitability of Canadian Solar though the demand of solar PV industry has been showing tremendous growth since 1998 globally. In addition to this, steps and measures taken by government have been fruitful for the firms in the industry as it encouraged people to use more solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. The fol lowing graph reflects the demand of solar PV in the international market and it can be seen that the demand slope has increased considerable in the last five years or so. (Source: Mitchell, 2010) Demand has increased at a much rapid pace than previous years since 2004. The demand has been growing in the range of 21% to 27% from 1998 to 2003 however since 2004, the global demand has reported much higher growth rate in the range of 31% to 38% till 2007. Demand in 2008 reported much higher growth as it reached over 60%. The increasing demand of solar PV internationally indicates that the demand would further increase in the years to come and it is the right time for firms in the industry

Education and Its Affects Around the World Essay Example for Free

Education and Its Affects Around the World Essay Education is something that affects all of us as a whole gender, race, and poverty plays a role in education. As a citizen of the United States of America it is important for us to appreciate a good education that some of us take for granite. Gender is crucial in how people view education in the text:† Philippine Women’s College corrects gender miseducation†. Professors and education enthusiast are breaking down the barriers and bias that is associated with gender. Text books in the Philippines show women playing the â€Å"stay at home† role and the father portraying the â€Å" bread winner† role this a form a of bias. Scholars at the Miriam College are working to correct this matter by teaching all female students about stereotypes relating to gender. Students often are shown at a young age to approach matters in a biased free manner, through this approach both male and female can share duties in the household that were once delegated to one based on gender. Trained teachers are able to spot the gender difference and compensate with materials that are fair for all. Miriam College and its faculty also discuss sexual harassment and a list of other things as well. What was happening in the†Women’s Movement â€Å"and what was being taught in the classroom were two totally different things. In 1986 Corazon Aquino became the first female president of the Philippines this was in stark contrast of what was being taught. As far as equality for women the Philippines are ranked ninth in the world, with that being said advocates of gender feel that it is best suited to teach and educate when the students are young. Patricia Licuanan president of Miriam College implemented in 2001 gender courses to the curriculum that focuses on equality and quality education for women. Also in 2001 several colleges in the Philippines have shown interest in providing studies for women as well. Due to the work that has been taken place in the Philippines young women are questioning and taking up professions that were once generally associated with men. In the text â€Å"Lost Generation Fears as boys reject education† Professor Reynolds of Plymouth University states that: â€Å"the gender gap is a worldwide phenomenon, not just in the UK or a Welsh one†. Research has shown that boys are neglecting school, while girls are less likely to drop out of school after 16. A survey showed more girls than boys seek a higher education. Studies also show that vocational programs also play a role in why boys choose not to seek college versus girls. Boys are also not performing on the same level as girls this factor leads to fewer boys in college. Poverty is a component to lack of education as well in the article:† Escaping Poverty is possible when there are local opportunities for people with initiative†. This article shows the stereotypes that are associated with poverty 60,000 people that spread over 15 countries worldwide were surveyed; there are a lot of hurdles we must overcome for this to work. People are likely to fall into poverty the study will take preventive measures to ensure people will not make these mistakes. The stereotypes that haunt poverty stricken places is that people are lazy, shiftless, and have no ambition this is not the case. In fact these people surveyed accept responsibility for there actions, and want to better themselves. All of us need local opportunities and social networks to ensure that this will not happen on a global front, even if someone works hard to get there selves out of poverty with out help from the community and economic woes this process will be pains taking to say the least. Education is factor when combating poverty, we as Americans need to take advantage of our educational system though it may not be the best we are still a free country and should utilize any and every opportunity we have. Race also plays a vital role in education the text:† Officials try to improve black males’ academic performance: The achievement† Ginger Littleton has been a teacher in Northern California for more that twenty years. She has been stumped by the numbers of black males that scored drastically lower than other races in test of achievement. A look at last years test results from grades 1-10 math scores and FCAT were sorted by race. The results showed that 89 percent of white third graders were a the appropriate level, while Hispanics represented 66 percent, and blacks 69 percent but only one out of that percentile was a male. 59 percent of Anglos, compared to 33 percent of Hispanics were at the appropriate level. African Americans represent only 30 percent. This trend increased more by there sophomore year, Caucasians represent 38 percent, Hispanics 32 percent, and 13 percent of African Americans sustained this level of reading. By this point many African Americans have stopped going to school by then. The FCAT test of reading shows that only 1 percent of males were reading at the 10th grade level, white males scored 7 percent on the same level. African American males results were 0 percent, white males were 8 to 7 percent at levels 4 and 5 of reading. A study was conducted in 2004-2005† Focus on Blacks† by The National Education Association labeled the poor standings as â€Å"the achievement gap† and a national crisis. The study showed that African American 17 year old students performed in comparison to 13 year old whites in science. In the math part of the study blacks scored 61 percent below the standards, versus 20 percent of whites in the 4th grade. The results show that African Americans face challenges before they start school. Some of the findings show that it is less father figures and mentors in the African American community, lack of after school programs, and cohesiveness in the family all plays roles in the significant decline in education in the black community. There is a saying† it takes a village to raise a child† the African American community needs to rebuild it village from the foundation up to eliminate this disparity that runs rampant among so many. As you can have just read there are several factors in ones education it may be a gender problem, a socioeconomic problem, or ones ethnicity may all play a role in the type of education we receive as well as our chances of making it in today’s society. We still live in one of the greatest countries in the world in the end it is up to us to utilize what avenues are available and make the most out of it.

Culture Essay -- Sociology, Hofstede

Hofstede (1997) defined culture as the â€Å"collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from others† (p. 6). He referred to mental programming in order to explain patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. Cultural manifestation is identified as symbols, heroes, rituals, and values as a learned programming that is dependent on a social environment. Values represented the deepest manifestations of culture and are considered culture’s building blocks (Hofstede, 1980). One well-known paradigm Hofstede introduced is called cultural dimensions that include four independent cultural dimensions: power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance. After further research, he developed the fifth dimension known as long-term/short-term orientation (Hofstede, 2001). The following section will discuss five of the dimensions to identify the cultural differences between the United States, India, and Thailand. Power Distance The power distance index â€Å"is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally† (Itim International, 2009). It is a fundamental structure endorsed by the societies’ followers and leaders in areas such as social status, wealth, and sources of power. A high power distance society embraces people with power. Powerful people are expected to have privileges, openly show their status and wealth, and are perceived to be good. On the other hand, a low power distance society embraces uniformity and minimizes inequalities. Those who hold more power in these societies attempt to look less powerful than they are (Albers-Miller & Gelb, 1996). Hofstede’... ...tinuous, ANOVA is the most appropriate method of analysis. Research Question The research question proposed there would be differences in levels of organizational dissent between India, Thailand, and the U.S. The ANOVA revealed significant differences in levels of dissent between the three groups. The means and standard deviations are displayed in Table 2. Overall, Americans are the most likely to express articulated dissent, with Thais being the less least likely: F(4, 1446) = 5.10, ï  ¨2 = .01, p Discussion The results revealed significant differences between Americans, Indians and Thais regarding the expression of dissent.

How the Study of Sociology Helps us to Understand Different Societies E

Sociology allows us to understand how different groups of people act the way they do, and also brings us into their cultures, heritage and different backgrounds. This study also explains how culture plays a role in the way different groups act, and how it reflects on their society. There are many social issues that sociology explains, such as how larger social and historical forces effect the way the communities act and how individuals act. All of these topics stress how important sociology is today, and how much of a difference it makes in the understanding of different societies. In today?s society people are influenced by the way other people live, and the way people carry out their lives. Other people like to fallow other peoples values, morals, and how they carry out their responsibilities. All of these things effects the way an individual lives, and acts, for instance if people go to school to get an education and get a well paying job. Many people are going to do the same thing just to be in the same class and society, and make the money to have what everyone else has. The importance of education in today?s world is very important in getting that job that pays exceptional well. In today?s society people go to school get a good job and a few years after getting established they start a family. In the past people sometimes graduated highschool and starting a family was more important then getting that well paid job. There are many benefits in having an social imagination. With the imagination people know how to live their lives, and know how to fit in to a group. They fit into a group to feel welcomed and not like an outsider. Feeling part of a group also give a person self confide... ...n beat up cloths then I assume that their not wealthy, dirty, and doesn?t like to take care of them selves. This judgment of others is bad because I know from experience. I wear nice cloths and try to look good all the time but I am not rich or that wealthy. I know kids from my high school who wear worn, beat up cloths that are really rich, and they wear those cloths because that?s their style of living. It could be their culture in a sense but they are just being them selves. With out the study of sociology many people wouldn?t know where to begin in how to understand how a society works. The examining of how the culture works and functions helps us to get a feel of how the different cultures relate to each and every one?s society. Through this study we get a whole new view on how the world is oriented on culture and how every society acts.

Psychology and Multitasking Talent

Issue Analysis Written Response : Multitasking Findings In the current society, many individuals of different gender intends on doing multitasking by finishing the task instantly. Both multitasking and divided attention have comparable implication. Some researcher’s able to proof that between the both genders, there are no significant differences in their multitasking. However, women are naturally better at multitasking as they juggled more tasks than man. There are several reasons that women multitask better than man in manner of biological differences, frequency on juggling tasks and abilities on multitasking.Firstly, woman leads towards a greater biological difference than man. Women’s have large part of â€Å"Corpus callosum† in the brain which stimulates two conversation simultaneously (Halpern, 2000). Next, majority of man would rather focus using single hint while woman mingled multiple ideas from the atmosphere (Williams & Meck, 1990). In fact, the operat ional IQ in man decrease significantly compared to woman while performing demanding tasks (Wilson & Packard, 2005). Secondly, women are capable in juggling large amount of task frequently.Women usually carry on the lion’s share of house chores and babysitting while holding down their own career job (ABCScience, 2011). Then, as their own family turn on the heat towards them to juggle great amount of task and so they become naturally better at multitasking (Spence, 2012). Furthermore, woman accomplish for the most severe classes of multitasking in the domestic labor such as scutwork and babysitting (Liana, 2007). Finally, woman surpasses man due to superiority in multitasking abilities.Most specifically, women tend to achieve task at considerably higher stage than man as they demonstrate their natural talent for multitasking (Bratley, n. d). Next, women might inherent the ability to be more dynamic and accurate by doing task fruitfully when compared to man (Criss, 2006). In add ition, women are capable in casting for just a brief time of period while they are juggling with other tasks (Richard, 2010). In conclusion, woman has a greater advantage at multitasking as in biological differences, frequency on juggling tasks and multitasking abilities than man. With their atural abilities, it allows them to be evenly productive and easily accomplish task simultaneously. Without a doubt, women may have possessed by these advantages to enhanced ability to multitask. Therefore, women are better at multitasking than men as women are naturally talented at it. Processes Based on the expedition done for this report, several sources were obtained substantially from the internet and online databases. Majority of the sources were suitable as the topic has been selected. The information gathered was composed of two journals, six articles and three books as the sources discuss about multitasking between two genders.In fact, the reliability and credibility are reasonable for all sources obtained that shows appropriate evidence to support my argument. All the sources are considered credible and accurate as the sources are being updated and the author’s are well experienced in the particular field. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the sources are trusted and precise according to the credibility. However, some sources are questionable because it didn’t relate with the argument such as written by several authors about discoveries from movies and games, negative effects and gender differences between children on multitasking.Reference List 1. Marybeth, J. , Mattingly, Sayer, Liana, C. , 2006. â€Å"Under Pressure: Gender Differences in the Relationship between Free Time and Feeling Rushed†. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 205-221. 2. Lippa, R. , 1998. Gender-related differences and the structure of vocational interests: The importance of the people-things dimension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 996-1009. 3 . Lieberman, M. D. , & Rosenthal, R. ,2001. Why introverts can’t always tell who likes them: Multitasking and nonverbal decoding.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 294–310. 4. Offer, S. & Schneider, B. , 2011. â€Å"Revisiting the Gender Gap in Time-Use Patterns: Multitasking and Well-Being among Mothers and Fathers in Dual-Earner Families†Ã‚  American Sociological Review  76. 6[Online]. 809 -833. Available at http://www. asanet. org/images/journals/docs/pdf/asr/Dec11ASRFeature. pdf [Accessed 03 March 2013] 5. Stumpf, H. , 1993. Performance factors and gender related differences in spatial ability: Another assessment. Memory and Cognition, 21, 828-836. 6. Voyuer, D. , Voyer, S. amp; Bryden, M. P. , 1995. Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin. 117, 250-270. 7. Liana, C. S. , 2007, Gender Differences in the Relationship between Long Employee Hours and Mult itasking. 17, 403-435. 8. Hyde, J. S. & Lynn, M. C. , 1988. Gender differences in verbal ability: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 104, 53-69. 9. Ruble, D. , Martin, C. L. , & Berenbaum, S. A. , 2006. Gender Development. In W. Damon and R. M. Lerner (Eds. ), Handbook of Child Psychology. , 858-932. 10. [email  protected] School of Business , 2011. Gender Differences: Finding the Measure for Multitasking Talent. Human Resources, [Online]. Available at: http://knowledge. asb. unsw. edu. au/article. cfm? articleid=1382   [Accessed 01 March 2013] 11. Spence, S. T. , 2012. The Straight Dope: Are woman better at multitasking than men? [Online]. Available at http://www. straightdope. com/columns/read/3078/are-women-better-at-multitasking-than-men [Assessed on 02 March 2013] 12. CRISS, B. R. , 2006. Gender Differences in Multitasking.National Undergraduate Research Clearinghouse [Online], 9. Available at http://www. webclearinghouse. net/volume/9/CRISS-GenderDiff. php. [Accessed 03 March 2013] 13. Bratley, M. , n. d. HealthGuidanc : HealthGuidance for better health. Multi-tasking: Differences Between Man and Woman. [Online]. Available at http://www. healthguidance. org/entry/13973/1/Multi-Tasking–Differences-Between-Men-and-Women. html [Accessed 01 March 2013] 14. Richard, G. , 17 July 2010. â€Å"Scientists prove that women are better at multitasking than men†Ã‚  Telegraph  [Online].Available at http://www. telegraph. co. uk/science/science-news/7896385/Scientists-prove-that-women-are-better-at-multitasking-than-men. html [Accessed 03 March 2013] 15. ABCScience, 2011. Are woman better multi-taskers than man? : Are women better at multi-tasking than men? And does being a parent improve your ability to do more than two things at once? [Online]. Available at http://www. abc. net. au/science/articles/2011/08/11/3291311. htm [Accessed 03 March 2013] 16. James, Thomas, W. , & Kimura. D. , 1997. â€Å"Sex

The Great Gatsby – the Unachievable Dream

â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† is one of the most influential and famous phrases in the United State’s Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence encapsulates the original conception of the American Dream – the notion that every individual, regardless of their social upbringing, could have the opportunity to reach their full potential and live a comfortable lifestyle. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby takes place during the early 1920s–a time period that demonstrates the pursuit of happiness, opportunity, freedom, equality and finally the American Dream. Myrtle Wilson, a significant character in The Great Gatsby, tries to pursue happiness and her American Dream by satisfying materialistic pleasures on a quest for wealth and status. The protagonist of the novel, Jay Gatsby’s quest for hopeless love, signifies the fallen American Dream. Ultimately Fitzgerald uses symbols such as cars, to represent the American Dream itself, and he uses failed relationships to exemplify the corruption and descent of the American Dream. Through his portrayal of the main characters and symbols, Fitzgerald illustrates the decay of morals and values, exemplifying the underside of the American Dream. Fitzgerald portrays twisted relationships to represent the corrupt American Dream in The Great Gatsby. Emotional intimacy, trust, respect, and mutual goodwill constitute a positive and healthy relationship. To the contrary, the majority of the relationships displayed between the characters are dysfunctional, and diminish the hope of living out a meaningful American Dream with emphasis on a strong family. For example, Tom and Daisy are married, yet Tom has an affair shortly after Tom marries Daisy. Indeed, Daisy is suspicious of Tom’s conduct on a trip they took together to Santa Barbara. If he left the room for a minute she’d look around uneasily and say ‘where’s Tom gone and wore the most abstracted expression until she saw him coming to the door †¦. This was in August. A week after I left Santa Barbara Tom ran into a wagon on the Ventura road one night, and ripped a front wheel off his car. The girl who was with him got into the papers, too, because her arm was broken- she was one of the chamber maids in the Santa Barbara. (Fitzgerald 51) In addition to the unfaithful relationship shared by Tom and Daisy, Daisy has a twisted conception of her daughter. Daisy’s early cynicisms towards her daughter’s life are shown just about an hour after the baby is born, as Daisy says, â€Å"I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool- that’s the best thing a girl could be in this world, a beautiful little fool† (Fitzgerald 12). Likewise, as Daisy’s daughter grows older, the girl is treated like a trophy that Daisy uses for show, and the nurse is left with the responsibilities of the child’s care. (Fitzgerald 77). Like Daisy’s relationship with her daughter, another dysfunctional relationship is between Myrtle and her husband George. When George suspects Myrtle of cheating, he locks her away. This becomes evident when Tom exclaims, â€Å"I’ve got my wife locked away up there† (Fitzgerald 91). Another example of the decline of morals and values in the novel is Nick’s romantic ideation of Jordan Baker, in spite of his established relationship at home (Fitzgerald 40). Most importantly, though, Gatsby has a tragically hopeless dream of obtaining Daisy’s love. He pursues illegal activities in order to gain wealth and to attract Daisy’s affection. Clearly, the multitude of dysfunctional relationships in Fitzgerald’s novel represents the misconstrual of the American Dream. Much like the portrayal of relationships, Fitzgerald uses cars to represent the disintegration of the American Dream. In the 1920’s, cars were extremely popular, coveted by all, and symbolize the vast opportunities available in the United States. Ironically, Myrtle, who seeks American materialism to an extreme degree, ends up getting killed by American materialism itself. Throughout her life, Myrtle possesses a burning desire for money. She ends up giving her life to Tom and getting killed by her own desires (Fitzgerald 93). Through Myrtle’s death, Fitzgerald conveys that dwelling too much on material objects cannot bring about a positive resolution; materialism can only bring about destruction. Destruction and corruption are shown through cars as well. Drinking impairs judgement and decreases inhibitions. Many of the characters drink as a pastime and drive under the influence. Since cars represent the American Dream, and drinking becomes a way of life, one can conclude that the characters go about achieving the American Dream in a misguided and dangerous manner. Myrtle tries to satisfy her desires by seeking wealth and tatus in attempts of achieving her American Dream. Myrtle’s husband, George, owns a car dealership and repair shop in the industrial wasteland of the Valley of Ashes, which depict his lower class. In describing George's shop, Fitzgerald notes â€Å"The interior was unprosperous and bare; the only car visible was the dust-covered wreck of a Ford which crouched in a dim corne r† (Fitzgerald 27). Although George is loyal and hardworking, Myrtle is unsatisfied with her relationship; she envies the East Eggers for living her version of the American Dream while she is stuck in the Valley of Ashes, married to a low class man. Myrtle directly disrespects her husband as she goes after Tom, a high class, wealthy, and married man, living in the East Egg. This is captured by Nick’s description of Myrtle, as he notes, â€Å"She smiled slowly and, walking through her husband as if he were a ghost, shook hands with Tom, looking him flush in the eye†(Fitzgerald 28). In fact, Myrtle demands that George supply chairs so that she and Tom could contrive against George. During Tom’s visit, Myrtle demands: ‘Get some chairs why don’t you so someone can sit down. ‘Oh, sure,’ agreed Wilson hurriedly †¦. A white ashen dust veiled everything in the vicinity- except his wife, Who moved close to Tom. (Fitzgerald 28) Myrtle looks past social values and chooses a life of adultery in spite of the repercussions that her actions have on her husband. Furthermore, not a single character in this novel feels remorse for George when Myrtle blatantly plans to cheat. Indeed Nick and Tom have the following conversation after Myrtle plans her getaway with Tom: ‘It does her good to get away. ’ Doesn’t her husband object? ’ ‘Wilson? He thinks she goes to see her sister in New York. He’s so dumb he doesn’t know he’s alive. ’(Fitzgerald 32) Nick and Tom take George for a fool, and they feel he is vacuous because he is in the lower class. In addition to the treatment of George, Myrtle’s tragic death symbolize America’s obsession with material wealth. Upon hearing a car approaching, Myrtle runs out into the dusk road waving her hands in the air, at which point she is struck and killed by Gastby’s vehicle (Fitzgerald 130). Ironically, Myrtle’s chase for American materialism ended up costing her, her life as she is killed by her own desires in her quest for the American Dream. Jay Gatsby, another victim of his own desires, represents the fallen American Dream in his failed quest to win Daisy, but ends up empty handed in the end and does not receive what he had worked so hard for. Fitzgerald illustrates Gatsby’s strong desires for Daisy very early on, for at the end of chapter one lays our first clue, the green light. Gatsby stretches out his arms toward the dark water and looks at a green light. This green light is just across the water at East Egg, specifically at Daisy’s backyard dock. This may be the first intimation we witness of Gatsby’s passionate dream, but is extremely powerful nonetheless. Gatsby’s tragic flaw is that he believes one can recapture the past and keep a moment crystallized forever. From the moment Gatsby fell in love with Daisy, everything he did was for the sole purpose of winning her. This becomes evident as Jordan explains to Nick, ‘Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay. (Fitzgerald 76). Jordan further explains to Nick that Gatsby also hopes Daisy would come by one of his parties and be impressed. ‘He wants her to see his house, ‘she explained. ‘And your house is just next door. ’ ‘Oh! ’ ‘I think he half expected her to wander into one of his parties, some night,’ went on Jordan, ‘but she never did. Then he began asking people casually if they knew her, and I was the first one he found. It was that night he sent for me at his dance, and you should have heard the elaborate way he worked up to it. Fitzgerald 77) Gatsby has a blind purist of Daisy and every purchase he makes and party he throws is backing the hopes of attracting her attention. Obviously, Gatsby highly values Daisy and he goes above and beyond to impress her. This statement is further illustrated as Gatsby hires someone to cut Nick’s grass to impress her, on the day that Daisy is going to visit (Fitzgerald 81). As well, upon Daisy’s arrival, Gatsby shows off his big house to her, brags that it only took him three years to earn the money in the drug and oil business, and takes Daisy on a tour (Fitzgerald 87-89). Gatsby deliberately excludes the fact that much of Gatsby’s money to win Daisy over comes from organized crime and bootlegging. Breaking the law and lies become daily activities for Gatsby on his quest to win Daisy over. Gatsby also shows off his wealth by throwing expensive and beautiful shirts left right and centre as if they were a dime a dozen (Fitzgerald 89). This is to suggest that Gatsby is extremely affluent to the point that his money can be thrown around without a care. Later in the novel, Daisy accidently kills Myrtle while driving Gatsby’s car. Nick tries to convince Gatsby that he should flee so that George would not be able to track his car; however Gatsby refuses as Fitzgerald notes, â€Å"He wouldn’t consider it. He couldn’t leave Daisy until he knew her next course of action. He was clutching at some last hope and I couldn’t bear to shake him free† (Fitzgerald 141). Gatsby is simply unable to realize that his dream is not a reality, and by being so focussed on his dream he leads himself further and further into a fantasy world. When Gatsby takes Daisy’s hand he describes her voice as a deathless song (Fitzgerald 93). Evidently, Gatsby’s idealism is replaced by his inability to understand the changing world around him. Gatsby cannot comprehend that time passes and that one cannot keep the past crystallized forever. Fitzgerald uses the clock at Nick’s house to symbolize Gatsby’s delusion. The clock that falls at Nick’s house that was caught by Gatsby before it could hit the ground, suggests that Gatsby feels he could stop the time from passing. Gatsby’s inability to see things for what they really are, are further illustrated by in his remark. â€Å"Cannot repeat the past? he cried incredulously, ‘why of course you can! † (Fitzgerald 106). Ironically, Gatsby becomes a parody of himself in the sense that throughout The Great Gatsby, he cannot wait to distance himself from his true past, but yet he lives his adult life trying to recapture the past he had with Daisy. Gatsby needs to learn that in order to see forward into the future, one must let go of t heir past. Both Daisy and Gatsby go about achieving their dream in a misguided manner, and have been corrupted by their strong desire to achieve their own American Dream. At last, Myrtle, Gatsby, twisted relationships, and cars, serve as symbols illustrating the corruption of the American Dream shown throughout The Great Gatsby. Morals and values decay as the characters seek American materialism driven by self-indulgence. The established and newly rich aim to get even richer and they associate themselves with the high class while looking down on the poor. The working class strive to rise up in wealth and status yet never do as revealed by a song; â€Å"the rich get richer and the poor get- children† (Fitzgerald 92). Ultimately, Fitzgerald himself sets up the American Dream to be unattainable by his characters. A crucial element of the classic American Dream is for individuals to rise up in class based on hard work and merit. In order for this element to be possible, no specific class system may be present. On the contrary, Fitzgerald creates his novel using definite class division systems such as East Egg for the established rich, West Egg for the newly rich, and the Valley of Ashes for the low working class. The dreams of the characters in this novel are to rise in status and class, thus turning their lifelong strive for the American Dream to be paradoxical and consequently unachievable.

Abortions in America

Abortion is a very touchy topic in America. For several decades there has been a debate if abortions are legal or not. In this paper I will attempt to take you through the history of abortions with a specification on politics. The practice of abortion dates back to ancient times. Pregnancies were terminated through a number of methods, including tools, taking abortion herbs, the use of sharpened tools, abdominal pressure, and other techniques. In western parts of the world during the 20th century various women's rights groups, doctors, and social reformers successfully worked to have abortion bans repealed. Various anti-abortion laws have been on every state statute book since at least 1900. During this time, abortion was illegal in 30 states, and legal in 20 states under certain circumstances. These circumstances were rape, incest, and date drug. Abortions were seen as only need in life and death situations. The criminalization of abortion accelerated during the 1860’s. By the 1900’s it was generally punished as a felony. In the 1930’s approximately 800,000 abortions a year were performed by licensed physicians. In 1962 Colorado became the first state to legalize abortions but only under the circumstances I previously disclosed. Soon similar laws were passed in California, Oregon, and North Carolina. In 1970, Hawaii was the first state to legalize abortions on the request of the mother. This lead the way for New York, to repeal its laws and allow women to terminate their pregnancy up to 24 weeks. A law in Washington, DC allowed abortion to protect the life and health of the women, was challenged in the Supreme Court in 1971. The case was United States v. Vuitvch. In this case, the Supreme Court upheld the law, stating that â€Å"health† meant a women’s physical and mental well-being. This allowed women in Washington, DC to receive abortions. The Supreme Court decision, Roe v Wade set guidelines for the availability of abortion. The case established that the â€Å"must be considered against important state interests in regulation. † The Supreme Court ruled that the Texas statute forbidding abortion except when necessary to save the life of the mother was unconstitutional. The decision in this case was later modified by the Planned Parenthood v Casey case in 1992. It upheld the decision on central holding, but it revised the trimester system with the point of fetal viability. It defined fetal viability as the states right to verride the women’s autonomy. The Constitutional protection of women’s decision to terminate her pregnancy comes from the due process clause of the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment states that no state shall â€Å"deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law†. In a more recent case, on April 18, 2007 the Supreme Court issued a ruling in the case Gonzales v. Carhart. The case dealt with the federal law â€Å"Partial Abortion Ban Act of 2003†. President George W. Bush signed it into law. The sentence that carried for breaking this law was up to 2. 5 years. Since 1995, The House of Representatives and U. S. Senate, which was led by the Congressional Republicans, tried several times to pass laws banning the specific type of abortion known as, partial abortions. After much emotion filled and long debates on the issue of partial abortions, President Bill Clinton vetoed the bills in April 1966. In October 1997 on the evidence that they did not include health expectations. Other tries of the Congress to override the veto were not successful. On October 2, 2003, the house approved once again the measure of banning partial abortions with a vote of 281-142. With this law in place, a doctor or physician could face up to 2 years in prison and could face civil lawsuits. Women who undergo partial abortions could not be prosecuted under this law. The law did include an exemption for women whose life was threatened without the partial abortions. On October 21, 2003 they passed a similar law with the help of demarcates with a vote of 64-34. The bill was signed by President George W. Bush on November of 2003. The federal judge blocked its enforcement in several states hours after it became law. The Supreme Court still enforced its ruling of a nationwide ban on the procedure of partial abortions from the case Gonzales v Carhart. The Supreme Court made a statement stating that just because there was a 5-4 ruling; The Partial Abortion Ban Act does not cause problems with the previous court decisions towards abortions. The current interpretation of the U. S. Constitution by The U. S. Supreme court based on the landmark case of Roe v Wade in 1973 is that abortion is legal but may be illegal by the states to a certain degree. This means abortions may be illegal from state to state but under the conditions of ape or incest for an example, an abortion can be performed in those states. Many states in America have passed laws to restrict late term abortions. Also, in many states, parental notification is required for minors to receive an abortion, and in clinics, it is mandatory to tell the patient abortion risk information before the procedure is started. The article that is most de bated from The Constitution when it comes to abortions, is the Fourteenth Amendment, which states: ’ All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. † The one problem with legalizing abortions is trying to determine when a fetus is able to live outside of the womb on its own. The majority rule in the case of Roe v Wade states that a fetus is viable at or after 28 weeks but can occur earlier. Viability can even occur as early as 24 weeks. With the technology advances over the last thirty years, a fetus is able to live outside of the womb a few weeks earlier than 24 weeks. These advances only make it harder to determine whether abortions are legal or illegal. To this date, in the youngest child to survive as a premature was delivered at weeks and 3 days. Due to the split laws between the federal government and state government, to get a legal abortion varies from state to state. Eighty-seven percent of U. S. territories and states have no abortion provider. Only seventeen states offer coverage of abortions under state healthcare plans. Legalizing abortions in the United States is a major issue that frequently arises during the nomination of people to the U. S. Supreme Court. With that being said, many nominees prefer to remain silent about that issue during their hearing because abortions may come up while their a judge. On April 1, 2004, President Bush signed The Unborn Victims of Violence Act. The act allows two specific charges to be filled against someone who kills a pregnant mother. One is for the mother and the other is for the fetus. The act specifically bans charges against the mother and the doctor when it comes to abortion procedures. Various states have various laws when it comes to abortions. In March 2006, South Dakota Governor Mike Rounds signed a law that made performing abortions a felony. It was repealed in November 2006. In February 2006, Mississippi’s House Public Health Committee voted to approve a ban on abortions. The bill died after the house and senate failed to agree on compromise legislation. Several states enacted â€Å"trigger laws† which would only take effect if the Roe v Wade decision was overturned. In February of 2009, The Personhood of Children Act, was passed by the North Dakota House of Representatives. The law was later defeated in the North Dakota Senate because if it was passed it would likely have been used to challenge Roe v. Wade. In February 2012, the Virginia House of Delegates passed House Bill 1 with a vote of 66-32. The law outlawed all Virginia abortions by declaring that the rights of persons apply from the moment sperm and egg unite. The second bill that was passed 63-36 vote, that requires a women to have an ultrasound before undergoing abortions. The public opinion towards abortions is split. It’s almost the 40th anniversary of Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision, majority of Americans believed abortion should be illegal in or most cases. This was conducted by the NBC News and The Wall Street Journal. Approx. seventy percent of respondents oppose Roe v. Wade being over turned; forty-eight percent supported it being over turned. This paper was written to address the abortion topic in America with a specific on politics. The paper stated the views and laws from the earliest days of abortions to now present day. The laws have changed over time, but still with decades to come you can count on abortions still to be a controversial.